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Technical Papers Plastics
Biofunctionalized Plastics - Enzymes Successfully Embedded In Plastics

Biofunctionalized Plastics - Enzymes Successfully Embedded In Plastics

Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP have managed to embed enzymes in plastics without the enzymes losing their activity in the process. The potentials this creates are enormous.
Materials that clean themselves, have anti-mold surfaces or are even self-degrading are just a few examples of what will be possible if we manage to embed active enzymes into plastics. But for the enzyme-specific properties to be transferred to the materials, the enzymes must not suffer damage as they are embedded in the plastic. Scientists at Fraunhofer IAP have developed a solution to the problem as part of the “Biofunctionalization/Biologization of Polymer Materials BioPol” project. Since summer 2018, the project has been running in cooperation with BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg.
该研究旨在在生产规模上生产生物功能化的塑料。酶已经成功地嵌入了酶本身和加工技术。
塑料经过一百度摄氏度的处理。相比之下,酶通常无法承受这些高温。研究人员寻求一种稳定酶的方法,使用无机载体。这些载体是对酶的一种保护。正如Fraunhofer IAP的“生物功能化材料和(Glyco)生物技术”部门负责人Ruben R. Rosencrantz博士解释说:“例如,我们使用无机颗粒,例如高度多孔。酶通过嵌入孔中结合这些载体。尽管这限制了酶的活动能力,但它们仍保持活跃并能够承受更高的温度。”
Stabilized enzymes: not only at the plastic surface, but inside too: The researchers deliberately sought a way of applying the stabilized enzymes not only to the surface of the plastic, but of embedding them into the plastics directly. “Although far more difficult, this technique also prevents signs of wear on the material surface affecting the functionality of the plastics,” explains Thomas Büsse who heads the institute’s processing pilot plant for biopolymers in Schwarzheide.
In order to achieve an optimum material result in the downstream process, the stabilized enzymes have to be distributed as quickly as possible in the hot plastic melt to which they are added, without becoming exposed to excess force or elevated temperatures. A balancing act that tipped in Büsse’s favor: “We have developed a process that is suitable for both bioplastics and for the conventional petroleum-based plastics such as polyethylene. Our investigations also show that once embedded in the plastic, stabilized enzymes are able to withstand higher thermal loads than before. This makes the use of enzymes and all process steps considerably easier.”
Self-cleaning plastics are just the beginning : Until now, the researchers at Fraunhofer IAP have evaluated mainly proteases as their choice of enzyme. Proteases are able to break up other proteins. This lends the plastic functionalized by these proteases a self-cleaning effect. Pipes, for example, would not close up or clog as readily. But other enzymes are being systematically tested as well. The cooperation partners at BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg are focusing more closely at enzymes for degrading plastics and toxic substances, for example.
已经生产了第一个功能化的塑料颗粒,膜和注射成型体。研究人员已经确定,嵌入这些产品中的酶保持活跃。现在的下一步是测试并进一步优化各种应用程序中日常使用的过程。
资料来源:Fraunhofer应用聚合物研究所
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