最好的再次ts degrade bacteria would be biological life forms such as bacteria which multiply by the millions in days and are themselves completely biodegradable. It is towards this challenge that research has been going on, and the latest effort which shows some success has been published in the March 11, 2016 issue ofScienceby a Japanese group, led by Dr Kanji Miyamoto of Keio University, Kanagawa. The group concentrated on looking for and identifying bacteria from the PET bottle recycling sites, and found one such microbe that they have namedsakaiensis（（the first name identifies the family and the second honors the geographic location where they found the bacterium).I. sakaiensissticks to the surface of the PET bottle, secretes one molecule which they named PET-ase (the suffix “– ase” denotes an enzyme molecule), which breaks down PET into a smaller building block abbreviated as MHET. MHET is now taken up and broken down by another enzyme in the microbe’s cell (called MHET hydrolase) and hydrolyzed to produce ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid- the two small molecules (called monomers). The我sakaiensisis highly efficient as a safe biodegradable agent. Two interesting points emerge from the Japanese work. One is: can we now isolate the ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, the two monomers, and reuse them to make PET? This offers a nice self-contained set up where the PET bottles and plastics discarded after use are biodegraded back to the starting materials in a bio-reactor, and then taken to the polymer synthesizing unit which remakes the PET. The other point is more challenging and surely there are molecular biologists already working on it. That is: why not clone the genes that express the enzyme PET-ase and MHET hydrolase into some other properly chosen microbe (other thani.sakaiensis）使用基因工程方法，因此尝试生物降解PET。

大肠杆菌，可以设计一种常见的肠道细菌，以生产可生物降解的聚合物用于手术缝合线。允许以环保和可持续的方式制作各种塑料。该研究发表在Nature Biotechnology。在本研究中，由韩国高级科学技术研究所（KAIST）的杰出教授李·桑普（Lee Sang Yup）领导的团队采用了系统代谢工程方法来开发一种微生物，该微生物可以生产具有生物医学应用的各种非天然聚合物。根据研究人员的说法，这种方法是生物生产的第一个成功的例子（乳酸 -co-glycolate) (PLGA) and several novel copolymers from renewable biomass by one-step direct fermentation of metabolically engineeredEscherichia coli（（大肠杆菌） 细菌。研究人员从生物合成过程中汲取了灵感，用于多羟基烷烃，这是通过糖或脂质的细菌发酵在自然界生产的生物学衍生的聚生物。从那里，他们设计了一种代谢途径，以直接从碳水化合物中的微生物发酵中生物合成PLGA的生物合成。大肠杆菌菌株。PLGA是一种可生物降解，生物相容性和无毒的聚合物。PLGA已被广泛用于生物医学和治疗应用中，例如手术缝合线，人工设备，药物输送和组织工程。为了直接从碳水化合物中产生PLGA，该团队将外部和工程酶纳入催化剂，以共聚PLGA，同时建立一些其他代谢途径以生成生物合成以产生一系列不同的非天然聚合物。这种基于生物的PLGA和其他聚合物的合成过程可以代替现有的复杂化学生产方法。Lee和他的团队还设法生产了各种具有不同单体组合物的PLGA共聚物，例如美国食品和药物管理局批准的单体3-羟基甲壳虫，4-羟基甲状腺和6-羟基己酸盐。还制作了新应用的生物塑料，例如5-羟基估算和2-羟基甲瓦甲